Joel sander



(M mem J. SANDER.

Wind Wheel.

No. 234,617J14-y1 my x Patented Nov. 16, 1880.

Mlllllllml Unirse Sterns arena JOEL SANDER, OF HAMBURG, GERMANY,ASSIGNOR TO HIMSELF AND `CHRISTIAN FRIEDERIOH FRANZ STEIN, OF SAMEPLACE. y

WIND-WHEEL.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 234,617, dated November16, 1880.

Application filed April 8, 1880. (No model.) Patented in England January23, 1880, and in Belgium February 4, 1880.

To all. 'whom it may concern :4

Be it known that I, JOEL SANDER, of Hamburg, in the Empire of Germany,have i11- vented certain new and useful Improvements in WTind-Vheels, ofwhich the following is a specification.

My invention consists in a wind mill or wheel in which the blades arearranged to turn upon horizontal axles which extend upon opposite sidesof a central vertical shaft, and two or more pairs yof such blades arearranged, one pair above another,upon said vertical shaft. Each bladeconsists of a single piece or surface hinged to the horizontal shaftabove -the center of the blade, so that the weight of the lower sidethereof always `preponderates and tends to turn the blade into avertical position.

A weight is so connected with each blade as to hold it in a verticalposition 5 but before the force of the wind increases to such a degreeas to endanger the wind-wheel the blade is turned toward a horizontalposition, raising the weight and presenting less active surface to thewind. I also employ securing devices for holding the blades in ahorizontal position when it is desired to put the wheel out of action.

My invention further consists in details of construction to behereinafter explained.

In the accompanying drawings, 'Figure l represents a side view, partlyin section, of a wind-wheel embodying my invention and comprising twopairs of blades. Fig. 2 represents a plan thereof, and Fig. 3 representsa perspective view of a portion thereof upon an enlarged scale.

Similar letters of reference designate corresponding parts in all thegures.

A designates the main vertical shaft, which is rotated by the wheel; andB designates the blades, which are arranged in pairs, those of each pairbeing upon opposite sides of the shaft, and the pairs adjacent to eachother are arranged at right. angles to each other. Though two pairs onlyare shown, four or even more pairs of blades might be arranged upon theshaft A.

The blades B may be composed of a frame of metal covered with canvas orother ma-te rial, so as to malle them as light as possible,

or they might be made of wood or sheet metal. The blades of each pairare arranged upon a transverse horizontal shaft, G, upon which they turnas an axis independently of each other, and such shafts are in thisexample of my invention supported in bearings a in or attached to askeleton frame-work composed of channelbeams D, secured transverselyupon opposite sides of the central shaft, A, and securely braced theretoby braces D', so as to resist the force of the wind.

When the blades are turned into a vertical position, so as to presenttheir faces to the wind, they are operative or active; but when turnedupon their axes to a horizontal position they are in active.

Secured rigidly to the shaft A is a hub, E, which rotates therewith andis fitted to a bearing in the frame-work F, supporting the verticalshaft A. As here represented, this bearing is formed by a series ofanti-friction rollers, b, supported in suitable journal-bearings in ahollow support or plate, F.

Arranged about the vertical shaft A are a number of weights, G, adaptedto slide vertically upon guiderods c secured to the shaft A. Each of theweights G is connected to one of the blades B by means ofa cord or otheriiexible connection, d, which passes upward from the weight over apulley, e, secured to the shaftA, thence over a pulley, j', secured tothe end of a rod or arm, g, extending from the shafts C, and is securedto the blade near one edge thereof.

Then the wind increases in violence to such a degree as might endangerthe safety of the wheel the blades D are turned upon their axes toward ahorizontal position against the force exerted by the weights G, whichare raised through the connections d, so that when in operation theblades always automatically adjust themselves so as to present theproper area of active surface to the wind.

The rods or arms g supporting the pulleys f have a bearing upon theshafts C, and in order to prevent them from turning upon the shafts sofar as to render the pulleys f inoperative I have shown stops s,projecting from the frame-work supporting the shafts, against which thearms or rods strike, and by which said arms are prevented from movingpast a vertical position.

It will be observed that the blades B have bearings upon the shafts C atone side of their center, so that the under sideof the blade, which hasthe preponderating weight, always tends downward to a position at whichit will take the wind, it being kept from turning past a verticalposition by the weights G.

When the blades, by the rotation of the central shaft, are brought intoa posit-ion at which the wind blows upon their reverse sides they are atonce turned toward a horizontal posi tion, and they are thusautolnatically brought into a vertical or active position, and afterwardturned toward a horizontal position to enable them to turn against thewind.

In order to enable any or all ot' the blades to be adjusted and held ina horizontal position so as to render them inoperative, Iattach to eachblade a cord or other flexible connection, t', which is passed through aguide, j, or over a pulley, thence over a pulley, k, attached to theshaft A, and downward in proximity to the said shaft. Atthe lower endeach cord or connection i is provided with a ring or loop, l, which maybe secured to a hook, m, upon the shaft A when it is desired to hold theblade to which it is attached in a horizontal position to render itinoperative.

By my invention I produce a wind-wheel the blades of which automaticallyadjust themselves to suit the varying velocity ofthe wind, and in whichthe power of the blades is transmitted direct to the vertical shaftwithout the use of intermediate mechanism to increase the friction ofthe apparatus.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. The combination, in a wind-wheel, of a central vertical shaft,horizontal shafts extending transversely to said vertical shaft andsupported thereby, and blades arranged upon said horizon tal shafts ateach side of the vertical shaft, each blade consisting of a single pieceor surface pivoted to its horizontal shaft above its center, so that theblade will always tend to assume a vertical position, and the severalblades being all adapted to turn independently of each other,substantially as specied.

2. The combination, in a wind-wheel, of a central vertical shaft,horizontal shafts extending transversely to said vertical shaft andsupported thereby, blades arranged upon said horizontal shafts at eachside of the vertical shaft, each blade consisting of a single piece orsurface pivoted to its horizontal shaft above its center, so that theblade will always tend to assume a vertical position, and cords attachedto the blades and provided at their lower ends with weights, which tendto turn the blades into a horizontal position, substantially asspecified.

3. The combination of the vertical shaft A, the transverse framescomposed of the channel-beams D, arranged in pairs, and braces D', theshafts C, supported in bearings a, and the blades B, supported upon saidshafts and adapted to turn independently thereof', substantially asspecified.

4. The combination of the vertical shaft A. having the hub E fixedthereon, the hollow plate F', the anti-friction rollers b, supportedtherein, the transverse frames supported by the shaft A, the shafts C,and the blades B, adapted to turn upon said shaft independently of Veachother, substantially as specitied.

5. The combination ofthe transverse frames D D', provided with stops s,the shafts C, and blades B, the arms or rods g, adapted to turn uponsaid shafts and arranged to abut against stops s, the pulleys ef, thecords d, connected to the blades and passing over said pulleys, and theweights G, substantially as specified.

6. The combina-tion of the transverse frames D D', the shafts C, andblades B, the guides j, the pulleys 7c, and. the cords i, connected tothe blades B and passing over said guides and pulleys, all substantiallyas specified.

JOEL SANDER.

Witnesses:

J. ENGEL, F. GLAIRMONT.

